Journal: NPJ Vaccines
Article Title: A Plasmodium late liver stage arresting GAP provides superior protection in mice
doi: 10.1038/s41541-024-00975-0
Figure Lengend Snippet: A Schematic representation showing the immunization strategy for mice receiving three doses of EA-GAP, LA-GAP sporozoites, or uninfected salivary gland debris (SGD) as a control. Mice were euthanized ten days after the last immunization, and liver T lymphocyte subsets were analyzed using flow cytometry. B Representative contour plots showing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the liver. C Total liver lymphocytes in different groups of mice. LA GAP and EA-GAP immunized groups showed 5.8-fold and 3.5-fold increase compared to SGD. D Number of T lymphocytes. LA-GAP immunized mice showed the highest number of T lymphocytes compared to EA-GAP and SGD. The difference between EA-GAP and SGD was not statistically significant. E Number of CD8+ T-cells. LA-GAP immunized mice showed the highest number of CD8+ T-cells compared to EA-GAP and SGD. F Number of CD4+ T cells. A higher number of CD4+ T cells were found in EA-GAP and LA-GAP immunized groups compared to SGD; however, the difference between EA-GAP and SGD was not statistically significant. G Representative contour plots showing CD8+ Effector (T EM ) and Resident memory (T RM ) T cells present within the CD8+ memory T cell (CD8+ CD44 hi ) pool from the liver. CD8+ T EM were stratified as CD8+ CD44 hi CD62L lo KLRG1 + T lymphocytes, while CD8+ T RM were stratified as CD8+ CD44 hi CD62L lo CD69 + T lymphocytes. H Number of CD8+ T EM. I Number of CD8+ resident memory T-cells. LA-GAP immunized mice showed the highest number of T EM and T RM compared to EA-GAP and SGD. The 5 mice/group data are shown as the mean ± SD. Student’s t test was used to determine the statistical significance.
Article Snippet: The cells were stained with FITC-conjugated CD3 (Invitrogen, 11-0031-82), PE-Cy5-conjugated CD4 (Invitrogen, 15-0042-82), PE-Cy7-conjugated CD8 (Invitrogen, 25-0081-82), Alexa Fluor 700-conjugated CD44 (Invitrogen, 56-0441-82), PerCP-eFluor 710-conjugated KLRG1 (Invitrogen, 46-5893-82), APC-conjugated CD62L (Invitrogen, 17-0621-82), PerCP-eFluor 710-conjugated CXCR6 (Invitrogen, 46-9186-82), PerCP-Cyanine 5.5 CD69 (Invitrogen, 45-0691-82) anti-mouse monoclonal antibodies on ice for 20 min.
Techniques: Control, Flow Cytometry